![]() ![]() Today, he'd be more likely to swipe his finger across a smart phone screen and follow directions using Google Maps.Īs maps have changed, so have mapmakers. With luck and some critical thinking, he would eventually get where he was going. Twenty years ago, a driver lost at night would pull his car over, take out a paper map bought at a gas station, and pore over its folds under a dim light. For that, we are thankful.Īt HERE, we’re proud to support an inclusive workplace where everyone is equally supported and empowered to succeed.CREDIT: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Department of Commerce These women’s incredible contributions changed the way we think about mapping today, having heavily impacted how people view the universe. Among her many achievements as a reformer, Kelley became the first woman in Illinois’ state office, holding the title of Chief Factory Inspector. In 1893, Illinois passed tighter laws around sweatshop and child labor, and Kelley was later hired by United States Bureau of Labor Statistics to help develop better labor regulations. She soon set about recording the living and working conditions the residents, creating comprehensive maps of the disadvantaged area’s poverty and drawing attention to widespread child labor practices. In 1891, Kelley relocated to the Midwest and became a resident of Chicago’s Hull House, a slum-like settlement for immigrants, minority groups, and the poor. But it was through her maps that she managed to reform labor laws in Illinois and, in time, the entire U.S. ![]() Many know Florence Kelley for her efforts as a social activist, but few know her for her maps – she wasn’t a cartographer, after all. Florence Kelley, and her map of Chicago’s mistreated Shingareva went on to be one of the world’s preeminent extraterrestrial mappers, heading the Commission on Planetary Cartography of the International Cartographic Association and having both a lunar crater and an asteroid named in her honor. Scientists from around Europe disagreed, however, allowing her names to stand. recommended that all topographic features simply be titled with numbers. Likely owing to the fact that nearly half the names were Russian, the U.S. In 1967, Shingareva presented her map to the International Astronomical Union in Prague, along with names for the craters on the moon’s far side. It was there that she and a team mapped various celestial bodies based on images transmitted from Luna probes, leading to the creation of the first atlas of the far side of the moon and the first globe of the moon. Shingareva moved to Dresden in East Germany to study astronomy before returning to her homeland to join the space program at Moscow State University in 1963. Having grown up with an interest in the sciences, Russian-born Kira B. ![]() 20 years later, they’d team up with Austrian artist Heinrich Berann to create the World Ocean Floor Map, which is considered one of the greatest cartographic works of the century. In 1957, Tharp and Heezen made history by publishing the first ever map of the northern Atlantic Ocean floor. Her oceanic studies led her to discover underwater ridges and rifts, providing crucial evidence of continental drift – a theory that’s universally accepted today, but was considered pseudoscience at the time, even by Heezen. She took an assistant role under geophysicist Bruce Heezen, who was collecting data on the depth of ocean floors, but Tharp soon excelled as a cartographer due to her multitude of talents: not only did she have degrees in mathematics and geology, she was also skilled at sketching. embroiled in multiple conflicts abroad, the nation’s need for accurate oceanic maps was greater than ever. And if it weren’t for the contributions of these three women, our understanding of the world – and even the universe – might be very different today. The Age of Discovery had long since passed by the time the 19th and 20th centuries rolled around, but that didn’t mean there weren't any frontiers left to map.Ĭartographers in these eras continued to make strides in documenting our surroundings, charting places and information that had long remained unknown. ![]()
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